افعال بی قاعده
این فهرستی از افعال بی قاعده در زبان انگلیسی است. البته، بسیاری دیگر وجود دارد، اما اینها افعال بی قاعده رایج تر هستند.
|
infinitive مصدر |
simple past گذشته ساده |
past participle اسم مفعول |
|
be |
was/were |
been |
|
bear |
bore |
borne/born |
|
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
become |
became |
become |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
|
bend |
bent |
bent |
|
bet* |
bet |
bet |
|
bid |
bid, bade |
bid, bidden |
|
bind |
bound |
bound |
|
bite |
bit |
bitten |
|
bleed |
bled |
bled |
|
blow |
blew |
blown |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
|
breed |
bred |
bred |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
broadcast |
broadcast |
broadcast |
|
build |
built |
built |
|
burn*** |
burnt |
burnt |
|
burst |
burst |
burst |
|
bust* |
bust |
bust |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
cast |
cast |
cast |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
cling |
clung |
clung |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
|
creep |
crept |
crept |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
|
deal |
dealt |
dealt |
|
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
dive |
dived/dove |
dived |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
draw |
drew |
drawn |
|
dream*** |
dreamt |
dreamt |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
feed |
fed |
fed |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
find |
found |
found |
|
flee |
fled |
fled |
|
fling |
flung |
flung |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
|
forbid |
forbade, forbad |
forbidden |
|
forecast* |
forecast |
forecast |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
|
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
get |
got |
got, gotten |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
grind |
ground |
ground |
|
go |
went |
gone |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
|
hang |
hung |
hung |
|
have |
had |
had |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
hide |
hid |
hidden |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
|
hold |
held |
held |
|
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
know |
knew |
known |
|
lay |
laid |
laid |
|
lead |
led |
led |
|
learn*** |
learnt |
learnt |
|
leave |
left |
left |
|
lend |
lent |
lent |
|
let |
let |
let |
|
lie** |
lay |
lain |
|
light* |
lit |
lit |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
make |
made |
made |
|
mean |
meant |
meant |
|
meet |
met |
met |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
prove* |
proved |
proven |
|
put |
put |
put |
|
quit* |
quit |
quit |
|
read |
read |
read |
|
rid |
rid |
rid |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
ring |
rang |
rung |
|
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
run |
ran |
run |
|
saw*** |
sawed |
sawed/sawn |
|
say |
said |
said |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
seek |
sought |
sought |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
|
set |
set |
set |
|
sew* |
sewed |
sewn |
|
shake |
shook |
shaken |
|
shear* |
sheared |
shorn |
|
shed |
shed |
shed |
|
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
shoot |
shot |
shot |
|
show* |
showed |
shown |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
|
sink |
sank |
sunk |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
slay |
slew |
slain |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
slide |
slid |
slid |
|
sling |
slung |
slung |
|
slink |
slunk |
slunk |
|
slit |
slit |
slit |
|
sneak**** |
snuck |
snuck |
|
sow |
sowed |
sown |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
speed* |
sped |
sped |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
|
spin |
spun |
spun |
|
spit |
spat, spit |
spat, spit |
|
split |
split |
split |
|
spread |
spread |
spread |
|
spring |
sprang |
sprung |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
stick |
stuck |
stuck |
|
sting |
stung |
stung |
|
stink |
stank, stunk |
stunk |
|
stride |
strode |
stridden |
|
strike |
struck |
struck |
|
string |
strung |
strung |
|
strive |
strove |
striven |
|
swear |
swore |
sworn |
|
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
swell* |
swelled |
swollen |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
|
swing |
swung |
swung |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
tear |
tore |
torn |
|
tell |
told |
told |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
|
thrive* |
throve |
thrived |
|
throw |
threw |
thrown |
|
thrust |
thrust |
thrust |
|
tread |
trod |
trodden, trod |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
wake* |
woke |
woken |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
|
weave |
wove |
woven |
|
weep |
wept |
wept |
|
wet* |
wet |
wet |
|
win |
won |
won |
|
wind |
wound |
wound |
|
wring |
wrung |
wrung |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
* فرم با قاعده (+ (-ed نیز امکان پذیر است
روند، در انگلیسی، و به ویژه در انگلیسی آمریکایی، استاندارد کردن افعال بی قاعده است.
افعال بی قاعده انگلیسی زیر اغلب در فرم های گذشته و جزئی استاندارد (ed-) استفاده می شود.
|
ساکن |
dwell |
|
لاغر |
lean |
|
بو |
smell |
|
هجی کردن |
spell |
|
ریختن |
spill |
|
از بین بردن |
spoil |
** فعل lie به معنای راست نگفتن( دروغ گفتن) یک فعل با قاعده است.
*** افعال زیر در انگلیسی آمریکایی از فرم های گذشته با قاعده و فعل (ed-) استفاده می کنند.
|
سوختن |
burn |
|
رویا |
dream |
|
فرا گرفتن |
learn |
|
اره |
saw |
**** فعل sneak مدتها به صورت با قاعده به کار می رفت. با این حال، شکل بی قاعده snuck به خصوص در انگلیسی آمریکایی بسیار رایج شده است.